Cognitive dysfunction refers to a decline in cognitive abilities or mental processes, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving. This can be caused by various factors including physical injuries, neurological disorders, medications, substance abuse, or psychological stress. Cognitive dysfunction can manifest in different ways, ranging from mild forgetfulness to severe impairment that affects daily functioning and independence. It is often associated with conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or post-concussion syndrome. Treatment may involve medication, cognitive therapy, lifestyle changes, or other interventions to improve cognitive function and overall quality of life.